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Introduction - Czech Republic
Background:
Following the First World War, the closely related Czechs and Slovaks of the
former Austro-Hungarian Empire merged to form Czechoslovakia. During the
interwar years, the new country's leaders were frequently preoccupied with
meeting the demands of other ethnic minorities within the republic, most notably
the Sudeten Germans and the Ruthenians (Ukrainians). After World War II, a
truncated Czechoslovakia fell within the Soviet sphere of influence. In 1968, an
invasion by Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to
liberalize Communist party rule and create "socialism with a human face."
Anti-Soviet demonstrations the following year ushered in a period of harsh
repression. With the collapse of Soviet authority in 1989, Czechoslovakia
regained its freedom through a peaceful "Velvet Revolution." On 1 January 1993,
the country underwent a "velvet divorce" into its two national components, the
Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the
European Union in 2004.
Geography - Czech Republic
Location:
Central Europe, between Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria
Geographic coordinates:
49 45 N, 15 30 E
Map references:
Europe
Area:
total: 78,867 sq km
country comparison to the world: 115
land: 77,247 sq km
water: 1,620 sq km
Area - comparative:
slightly smaller than South Carolina
Land boundaries:
total: 1,989 km
border countries: Austria 362 km, Germany 815 km, Poland 615 km, Slovakia 197 km
Coastline:
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
none (landlocked)
Climate:
Current Weather
temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
Terrain:
Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded
by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Elbe River 115 m
highest point: Snezka 1,602 m
Natural resources:
hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber
Land use:
arable land: 38.82%
permanent crops: 3%
other: 58.18% (2005)
Irrigated land:
240 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources:
16 cu km (2005)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
total: 1.91 cu km/yr (41%/57%/2%)
per capita: 187 cu m/yr (2002)
Natural hazards:
flooding
Environment - current issues:
air and water pollution in areas of northwest Bohemia and in northern Moravia
around Ostrava present health risks; acid rain damaging forests; efforts to
bring industry up to EU code should improve domestic pollution
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent
Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air
Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous
Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands,
Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
landlocked; strategically located astride some of oldest and most significant
land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between
the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe
People - Czech Republic
Population:
10,201,707 (July 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 81
Age structure:
0-14 years: 13.5% (male 706,453/female 668,166)
15-64 years: 70.7% (male 3,624,662/female 3,583,106)
65 years and over: 15.9% (male 642,258/female 977,062) (2010 est.)
Median age:
total: 40.4 years
male: 38.9 years
female: 42.2 years (2010 est.)
Population growth rate:
-0.106% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 211
Birth rate:
8.76 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 213
Death rate:
10.79 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 43
Net migration rate:
0.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 52
Urbanization:
urban population: 73% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 0% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.059 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2010 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 3.76 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 211
male: 4.1 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 77.01 years
country comparison to the world: 61
male: 73.74 years
female: 80.48 years (2010 est.)
Total fertility rate:
1.25 children born/woman (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 215
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
country comparison to the world: 162
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
1,500 (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 139
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
fewer than 10 (2001 est.)
country comparison to the world: 155
Nationality:
noun: Czech(s)
adjective: Czech
Ethnic groups:
Czech 90.4%, Moravian 3.7%, Slovak 1.9%, other 4% (2001 census)
Religions:
Roman Catholic 26.8%, Protestant 2.1%, other 3.3%, unspecified 8.8%,
unaffiliated 59% (2001 census)
Languages:
Czech 94.9%, Slovak 2%, other 2.3%, unidentified 0.8% (2001 census)
Literacy:
definition: NA
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (2003 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total: 15 years
male: 15 years
female: 15 years (2006)
Education expenditures:
4.4% of GDP (2004)
country comparison to the world: 93
Government - Czech Republic
Country name:
conventional long form: Czech Republic
conventional short form: Czech Republic
local long form: Ceska Republika
local short form: Cesko
Government type:
parliamentary democracy
Capital:
name: Prague
geographic coordinates: 50 05 N, 14 28 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in
October
Administrative divisions:
13 regions (kraje, singular - kraj) and 1 capital city* (hlavni mesto);
Jihocesky (South Bohemia), Jihomoravsky (South Moravia), Karlovarsky,
Kralovehradecky, Liberecky, Moravskoslezsky (Moravia-Silesia), Olomoucky,
Pardubicky, Plzensky (Pilsen), Praha (Prague)*, Stredocesky (Central Bohemia),
Ustecky, Vysocina, Zlinsky
Independence:
1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia); note
- although 1 January is the day the Czech Republic came into being, the Czechs
generally consider 28 October 1918, the day the former Czechoslovakia declared
its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, as their independence day
National holiday:
Czechoslovak Founding Day, 28 October (1918)
Constitution:
ratified on 16 December 1992, effective on 1 January 1993; amended in 1997,
2000, 2001 (twice), 2002
Legal system:
civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; legal code modified to bring
it in line with European Union obligations and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal
theory; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Vaclav KLAUS (since 7 March 2003)
head of government: Prime Minister Petr NECAS (since 28 June 2010); First Deputy
Prime Minister Karel SCHWARZENBERG (since 13 July 2010), Deputy Prime Minister
Radek JOHN (since 13 July 2010)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime
minister
(For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections: president elected by Parliament for a five-year term (eligible for a
second term); last successful election held on 15 February 2008 (after earlier
elections held 8 and 9 February 2008 were inconclusive; next election to be held
in 2013); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: Vaclav KLAUS reelected president on 15 February 2008; Vaclav
KLAUS 141 votes, Jan SVEJNAR 111 votes (third round; combined votes of both
chambers of parliament)
Legislative branch:
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Senate or Senat (81 seats;
members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms; one-third elected every
two years) and the Chamber of Deputies or Poslanecka Snemovna (200 seats;
members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held in two rounds on 17-18 and 24-25 October 2008
(next to be held by October 2010); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 28-29 May
2010 (next to be held by 2014)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ODS
36, CSSD 29, KDU-CSL 7, Open Democracy Club 6, others 3; Chamber of Deputies -
percent of vote by party - CSSD 22.1%, ODS 20.2%, TOP-09 16.7%, KSCM 11.3%, VV
10.9%; seats by party - CSSD 56, ODS 53, TOP-09 41, KSCM 26, VV 24
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; Supreme Administrative Court; chairman and
deputy chairmen are appointed by the president for a 10-year term
Political parties and leaders:
Association of Independent Candidates-European Democrats or SNK-ED [Helmut
DOHNALEK]; Christian Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-CSL
[Cyril SVOBODA]; Civic Democratic Party or ODS [Mirek TOPOLANEK]; Communist
Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSCM [Vojtech FILIP]; Czech Social Democratic
Party or CSSD [Jiri PAROUBEK]; Green Party [Ondrej LISKA]; Open Democracy Club
(a liberal parliamentary group within the Czech senate); Public Affairs (VV) [Radek
JOHN]; Tradice Odpovednost Prosperita 09 or TOP 09 [Karel SCHWARZENBERG]; Union
of Freedom-Democratic Union or US-DEU [Jan CERNY]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Czech-Moravian Confederation of Trade Unions or CMKOS [Milan STECH]
International organization participation:
ACCT (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC,
EBRD, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICCt (signatory), ICRM,
IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO,
ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MONUC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer),
OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SECI (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO,
UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Petr KOLAR
chancery: 3900 Spring of Freedom Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 274-9100
FAX: [1] (202) 966-8540
consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Mary THOMPSON-JONES
embassy: Trziste 15, 118 01 Prague 1
mailing address: use embassy street address
telephone: [420] 257 022 000
FAX: [420] 257 022 809
Flag description:
two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a blue isosceles triangle
based on the hoist side
note: uses the pan-Slavic colors and is identical to the flag of the former
Czechoslovakia
Economy - Czech Republic
Economy - overview:
The Czech Republic is one of the most stable and prosperous of the
post-Communist states of Central and Eastern Europe. Maintaining an open
investment climate has been a key element of the Czech Republic's transition
from a communist, centrally planned economy to a functioning market economy. As
a member of the European Union, with an advantageous location in the center of
Europe, a relatively low cost structure, and a well-qualified labor force, the
Czech Republic is an attractive destination for foreign investment. Prior to its
EU accession in 2004, the Czech government harmonized its laws and regulations
with those of the European Union. The small, open, export-driven Czech economy
grew by over 6% annually from 2005-2007 and by 2.5% in 2008. The conservative
Czech financial system has remained relatively healthy throughout 2009.
Nevertheless, the real economy contracted by 4.1% in 2009, mainly due to a
significant drop in external demand as the Czech Republic's main export markets
fell into recession.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$256.6 billion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 43
$267.6 billion (2008 est.)
$261.1 billion (2007 est.)
note: data are in 2009 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
$191.9 billion (2009 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
-4.1% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 182
2.5% (2008 est.)
6.1% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$25,100 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 52
$26,200 (2008 est.)
$25,500 (2007 est.)
note: data are in 2009 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 2.3%
industry: 37.2%
services: 60.5% (2009 est.)
Labor force:
5.401 million (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 68
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 3.6%
industry: 40.2%
services: 56.2% (2007)
Unemployment rate:
8.1% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
5.4% (2008 est.)
Population below poverty line:
NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 4.3%
highest 10%: 22.4% (1996)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
26 (2005)
country comparison to the world: 131
25.4 (1996)
Investment (gross fixed):
22.7% of GDP (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63
Budget:
revenues: $78.9 billion
expenditures: $90.22 billion (2009 est.)
Public debt:
34.1% of GDP (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 76
27.3% of GDP (2008 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
1% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45
6.3% (2008 est.)
Central bank discount rate:
0.25% (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 130
2.25% (31 December 2008)
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
6.25% (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 140
5.79% (31 December 2007)
Stock of money:
$86.56 billion (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 18
$84.43 billion (31 December 2007)
Stock of quasi money:
$58.69 billion (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 35
$58.77 billion (31 December 2007)
Stock of domestic credit:
$110.5 billion (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 39
$103.9 billion (31 December 2007)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$54.48 billion (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 53
$48.85 billion (31 December 2008)
$73.42 billion (31 December 2007)
Agriculture - products:
wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit; pigs, poultry
Industries:
motor vehicles, metallurgy, machinery and equipment, glass, armaments
Industrial production growth rate:
-13.1% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 153
Electricity - production:
82.72 billion kWh (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 35
Electricity - consumption:
61.65 billion kWh (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 41
Electricity - exports:
19.99 billion kWh (2008 est.)
Electricity - imports:
8.52 billion kWh (2008 est.)
Oil - production:
10,970 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 83
Oil - consumption:
207,600 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 54
Oil - exports:
22,560 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 90
Oil - imports:
213,900 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 44
Oil - proved reserves:
15 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 85
Natural gas - production:
176 million cu m (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 76
Natural gas - consumption:
8.182 billion cu m (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51
Natural gas - exports:
1.111 billion cu m (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 34
Natural gas - imports:
9.683 billion cu m (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
Natural gas - proved reserves:
3.964 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 92
Current account balance:
-$2.146 billion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 151
-$6.642 billion (2008 est.)
Exports:
$112.6 billion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 32
$145.7 billion (2008 est.)
Exports - commodities:
machinery and transport equipment, raw materials and fuel, chemicals
Exports - partners:
Germany 32.25%, Slovakia 9.02%, Poland 5.8%, France 5.62%, UK 4.93%, Austria
4.71%, Italy 4.38% (2009)
Imports:
$103.1 billion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 30
$139.4 billion (2008 est.)
Imports - commodities:
machinery and transport equipment, raw materials and fuels, chemicals
Imports - partners:
Germany 30.67%, Poland 6.97%, Slovakia 6.6%, Netherlands 5.99%, China 5.7%,
Austria 5.26%, Russia 4.93%, Italy 3.98% (2009)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$41.2 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 38
$36.7 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Debt - external:
$76.83 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 38
$80.43 billion (31 December 2008)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$117 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 29
$114.4 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$11.2 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 48
$9.913 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Exchange rates:
koruny (CZK) per US dollar - 19.373 (2009), 17.064 (2008), 20.53 (2007), 22.596
(2006), 23.957 (2005)
Communications - Czech Republic
Telephones - main lines in use:
2.278 million (2008)
country comparison to the world: 53
Telephones - mobile cellular:
13.78 million (2008)
country comparison to the world: 48
Telephone system:
general assessment: privatization and modernization of the Czech
telecommunication system got a late start but is advancing steadily; virtually
all exchanges now digital; existing copper subscriber systems enhanced with
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) equipment to accommodate Internet and
other digital signals; trunk systems include fiber-optic cable and microwave
radio relay
domestic: access to the fixed-line telephone network expanded throughout the
1990s but the number of fixed line connections has been dropping since then;
mobile telephone usage increased sharply beginning in the mid-1990s and the
number of cellular telephone subscriptions now greatly exceeds the population
international: country code - 420; satellite earth stations - 6 (2 Intersputnik
- Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions, 1 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat, 1
Globalstar) (2008)
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 31, FM 304, shortwave 17 (2000)
Television broadcast stations:
71 (2008)
Internet country code:
.cz
Internet hosts:
3.233 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 24
Internet users:
6.028 million (2008)
country comparison to the world: 38
Transportation - Czech Republic
Airports:
122 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 48
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 44
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 9
1,524 to 2,437 m: 12
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 18 (2009)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 78
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 27
under 914 m: 50 (2009)
Heliports:
1 (2009)
Pipelines:
gas 7,010 km; oil 547 km; refined products 94 km (2009)
Railways:
total: 9,620 km
country comparison to the world: 22
standard gauge: 9,521 km 1.435-m gauge (3,013 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 99 km 0.750-m gauge (2008)
Roadways:
total: 128,582 km
country comparison to the world: 37
paved: 128,582 km (includes 691 km of expressways) (2008)
Waterways:
664 km (principally on Elbe, Vltava, Oder, and other navigable rivers, lakes,
and canals) (2008)
country comparison to the world: 77
Merchant marine:
registered in other countries: 1 (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1) (2008)
country comparison to the world: 161
Ports and terminals:
Decin, Prague, Usti nad Labem
Military - Czech Republic
Military branches:
Army of the Czech Republic (ACR): Joint Forces Command (includes Land Forces and
Air Forces), Support and Training Forces Command (2010)
Military service age and obligation:
18-28 years of age for voluntary and 19-28 for compulsory military service
(2008)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 16-49: 2,517,268
females age 16-49: 2,418,163 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 2,086,662
females age 16-49: 2,003,055 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 55,139
female: 52,440 (2010 est.)
Military expenditures:
1.46% of GDP (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 103
Transnational Issues - Czech Republic
Disputes - international:
while threats of international legal action never materialized in 2007, 915,220
Austrians, with the support of the popular Freedom Party, signed a petition in
January 2008, demanding that Austria block the Czech Republic's accession to the
EU unless Prague closes its controversial Soviet-style nuclear plant in Temelin,
bordering Austria
Illicit drugs:
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and minor transit point for Latin
American cocaine to Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for local and
regional markets; susceptible to money laundering related to drug trafficking,
organized crime; significant consumer of ecstasy (2008)
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