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Introduction - Serbia
Background:
The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was formed in 1918; its name was
changed to Yugoslavia in 1929. Various paramilitary bands resisted Nazi
Germany's occupation and division of Yugoslavia from 1941 to 1945, but fought
each other and ethnic opponents as much as the invaders. The military and
political movement headed by Josip "TITO" Broz (Partisans) took full control of
Yugoslavia when German and Croatian separatist forces were defeated in 1945.
Although Communist, TITO's new government and his successors (he died in 1980)
managed to steer their own path between the Warsaw Pact nations and the West for
the next four and a half decades. In 1989, Slobodan MILOSEVIC became president
of the Republic of Serbia and his ultranationalist calls for Serbian domination
led to the violent breakup of Yugoslavia along ethnic lines. In 1991, Croatia,
Slovenia, and Macedonia declared independence, followed by Bosnia in 1992. The
remaining republics of Serbia and Montenegro declared a new Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia (FRY) in April 1992 and under MILOSEVIC's leadership, Serbia led
various military campaigns to unite ethnic Serbs in neighboring republics into a
"Greater Serbia." These actions led to Yugoslavia being ousted from the UN in
1992, but Serbia continued its - ultimately unsuccessful - campaign until
signing the Dayton Peace Accords in 1995. MILOSEVIC kept tight control over
Serbia and eventually became president of the FRY in 1997. In 1998, an ethnic
Albanian insurgency in the formerly autonomous Serbian province of Kosovo
provoked a Serbian counterinsurgency campaign that resulted in massacres and
massive expulsions of ethnic Albanians living in Kosovo. The MILOSEVIC
government's rejection of a proposed international settlement led to NATO's
bombing of Serbia in the spring of 1999 and to the eventual withdrawal of
Serbian military and police forces from Kosovo in June 1999. UNSC Resolution
1244 in June 1999 authorized the stationing of a NATO-led force (KFOR) in Kosovo
to provide a safe and secure environment for the region's ethnic communities,
created a UN interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) to foster
self-governing institutions, and reserved the issue of Kosovo's final status for
an unspecified date in the future. FRY elections in September 2000 led to the
ouster of MILOSEVIC, and in December 2000 a broad coalition of democratic
reformist parties known as DOS (the Democratic Opposition of Serbia) was elected
to parliament. DOS arrested MILOSEVIC in 2001 and sent him to be tried in The
Hague for crimes against humanity. (MILOSEVIC died in March 2006 before the
completion of his trial.) In 2001, the country's suspension from the UN was
lifted. In 2003, the FRY became Serbia and Montenegro, a loose federation of the
two republics with a federal level parliament. Widespread violence predominantly
targeting ethnic Serbs in Kosovo in March 2004 caused the international
community to open negotiations on the future status of Kosovo in January 2006.
In May 2006, Montenegro invoked its right to secede from the federation and -
following a successful referendum - it declared itself an independent nation on
3 June 2006. Two days later, Serbia declared that it was the successor state to
the union of Serbia and Montenegro. A new Serbian constitution was approved in
October 2006 and adopted the following month. In February 2008, after nearly two
years of inconclusive negotiations, the UNMIK-administered province of Kosovo
declared itself independent of Serbia - an action Serbia was powerless to stop,
but which it refuses to recognize.
Geography - Serbia
Location:
Southeastern Europe, between Macedonia and Hungary
Geographic coordinates:
44 00 N, 21 00 E
Map references:
Europe
Area:
total: 77,474 sq km
country comparison to the world: 116
land: 77,474 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative:
slightly smaller than South Carolina
Land boundaries:
total: 2,026 km
border countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina 302 km, Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia 241
km, Hungary 151 km, Kosovo 352 km, Macedonia 62 km, Montenegro 124 km, Romania
476 km
Coastline:
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
none (landlocked)
Climate:
Current Weather
in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well
distributed rainfall); in other parts, continental and Mediterranean climate
(relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns)
Terrain:
extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone
ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountains and hills
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: NA
highest point: Midzor 2,169 m
Natural resources:
oil, gas, coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony, chromite, gold, silver,
magnesium, pyrite, limestone, marble, salt, arable land
Land use:
arable land: NA
permanent crops: NA
other: NA
Irrigated land:
NA
Total renewable water resources:
208.5 cu km (note - includes Kosovo) (2003)
Natural hazards:
destructive earthquakes
Environment - current issues:
air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial cities; water pollution from
industrial wastes dumped into the Sava which flows into the Danube
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea,
Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the Near
East
People - Serbia
Population:
7,344,847
country comparison to the world: 97
note: does not include the population of Kosovo (July 2010 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 15.2% (male 577,534/female 541,231)
15-64 years: 68.1% (male 2,503,260/female 2,501,844)
65 years and over: 16.6% (male 500,794/female 720,184) (2010 est.)
Median age:
total: 41.1 years
male: 39.4 years
female: 42.9 years (2010 est.)
Population growth rate:
-0.469% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 224
Birth rate:
9.2 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 206
Death rate:
13.89 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 19
Net migration rate:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 72
Urbanization:
urban population: 52% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 0.5% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.065 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and above: 0.7 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2010 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 6.65 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 175
male: 7.68 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.56 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 74.09 years
country comparison to the world: 101
male: 71.26 years
female: 77.1 years (2010 est.)
Total fertility rate:
1.39 children born/woman (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 200
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
0.1% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 160
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
6,400 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 117
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
fewer than 100 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 133
Major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: intermediate
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea
vectorborne disease: Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever
note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this
country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US
citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Nationality:
noun: Serb(s)
adjective: Serbian
Ethnic groups:
Serb 82.9%, Hungarian 3.9%, Romany (Gypsy) 1.4%, Yugoslavs 1.1%, Bosniaks 1.8%,
Montenegrin 0.9%, other 8% (2002 census)
Religions:
Serbian Orthodox 85%, Catholic 5.5%, Protestant 1.1%, Muslim 3.2%, unspecified
2.6%, other, unknown, or atheist 2.6% (2002 census)
Languages:
Serbian 88.3% (official), Hungarian 3.8%, Bosniak 1.8%, Romany (Gypsy) 1.1%,
other 4.1%, unknown 0.9% (2002 census)
note: Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak, Ukrainian, and Croatian all official in
Vojvodina
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 96.4%
male: 98.9%
female: 94.1% (2003 census)
note: includes Montenegro
Education expenditures:
NA
Government - Serbia
Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of Serbia
conventional short form: Serbia
local long form: Republika Srbija
local short form: Srbija
former: People's Republic of Serbia, Socialist Republic of Serbia
Government type:
republic
Capital:
name: Belgrade (Beograd)
geographic coordinates: 44 50 N, 20 30 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in
October
Administrative divisions:
167 municipalities (opcstine, singular - opcstina)
Serbia Proper: Belgrade City (Beograd): Barajevo, Cukarica, Grocka, Lazarevac,
Mladenovac, Novi Beograd, Obrenovac, Palilula, Rakovica, Savski Venac, Sopot,
Stari Grad, Surcin, Vozdovac, Vracar, Zemun, Zvezdara; Bor: Bor, Kladovo,
Majdanpek, Negotin; Branicevo: Golubac, Kucevo, Malo Crnice, Petrovac,
Pozarevac, Veliko Gradiste, Zabari, Zagubica; Grad Nis: Crveni Krst, Mediana,
Niska Banja, Palilula, Pantelej Jablanica: Bojnik, Crna Trava, Lebane, Leskovac,
Medveda, Vlasotince; Kolubara: Lajkovac, Ljig, Mionica, Osecina, Ub, Valjevo;
Macva: Bogatic, Koceljeva, Krupanj, Ljubovija, Loznica, Mali Zvornik, Sabac,
Vladimirci; Moravica: Cacak, Gornkji Milanovac, Ivanjica, Lucani; Nisava:
Aleksinac, Doljevac, Gadzin Han, Merosina, Nis, Razanj, Svrljig; Pcinja:
Bosilegrad, Bujanovac, Presevo, Surdulica, Trgoviste, Vladicin Han, Vranje;
Pirot: Babusnica, Bela Palanka, Dimitrovgrad, Pirot; Podunavlje: Smederevo,
Smederevskia Palanka, Velika Plana; Pomoravlje: Cuprija, Despotovac, Jagodina,
Paracin, Rekovac, Svilajnac; Rasina: Aleksandrovac, Brus, Cicevac, Krusevac,
Trstenik, Varvarin; Raska: Kraljevo, Novi Pazar, Raska, Tutin, Vrnjacka Banja;
Sumadija: Arandelovac, Batocina, Knic, Kragujevac, Lapovo, Raca, Topola;
Toplica: Blace, Kursumlija, Prokuplje, Zitorada; Zajecar: Boljevac, Knjazevac,
Sokobanja, Zajecar; Zlatibor: Arilje, Bajina Basta, Cajetina, Kosjeric, Nova
Varos, Pozega, Priboj, Prijepolje, Sjenica, Uzice
Vojvodina Autonomous Province: South Backa: Bac, Backa Palanka, Backi Petrovac,
Becej, Beocin, Novi Sad, Sremski Karlovci, Srobobran, Temerin, Titel, Vrbas,
Zabalj; South Banat: Alibunar, Bela Crkva, Kovacica, Kovin, Opovo, Pancevo,
Plandiste, Vrsac; North Backa: Backa Topola, Mali Idjos, Subotica; North Banat:
Ada, Coka, Kanjiza, Kikinda, Novi Knezevac, Senta; Central Banat: Nova Crnja,
Novi Becej, Secanj, Zitiste, Zrenjanin; Srem: Indija, Irig, Pecinci, Ruma, Sid,
Sremska Mitrovica, Stara Pazova; West Backa: Apatin, Kula, Odzaci, Sombor
Independence:
5 June 2006 (from Serbia and Montenegro)
National holiday:
National Day, 15 February
Constitution:
adopted 8 November 2006; effective 10 November 2006
Legal system:
based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Boris TADIC (since 11 July 2004)
head of government: Prime Minister Mirko CVETKOVIC (since 7 July 2008)
cabinet: Republican Ministries act as cabinet
(For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections: president elected by direct vote for a five-year term (eligible for a
second term); election last held on 3 February 2008 (next to be held in 2013);
prime minister elected by the National Assembly
election results: Boris TADIC elected president in the second round of voting;
Boris TADIC received 51.2% of the vote and Tomislav NIKOLIC 48.8%
Legislative branch:
unicameral National Assembly (250 seats; deputies elected according to party
lists to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held on 11 May 2008 (next to be held in May 2012)
election results: percent of vote by party - For a European Serbia coalition
38.4%, SRS 29.5%, DSS-NS 11.6%, SPS-led coalition 7.6%, LPD 5.2%, other 7.7%;
seats by party - For a European Serbia coalition 102, SRS 59, DSS-NS 30, SNS 19,
SPS-led coalition 20, LDP 13, other 7; note - the seat allocation for the SNS
and SRS is in flux because of an ongoing dispute between the parties
Judicial branch:
courts of general jurisdiction (municipal courts, district courts, Appellate
Courts, the Supreme Court of Cassation); courts of special jurisdiction
(commercial courts, the High Commercial Court, the High Magistrates Court, the
Administrative Court)
Political parties and leaders:
Coalition for Sandzak or KZS [Sulejman UGLJANIN]; Democratic Party or DS [Boris
TADIC]; Democratic Party of Albanians or PDSh [Ragmi MUSTAFA]; Democratic Party
of Serbia or DSS [Vojislav KOSTUNICA]; Democratic Union of the Valley or BDL
[Skender DESTANI]; Force of Serbia Movement or PSS [Bogoljub KARIC]; G17 Plus
[Mladjan DINKIC]; League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina or LSV [Nenad CANAK];
League of Vojvodina Hungarians or SVM [Istvan PASTOR]; Liberal Democratic Party
or LDP [Cedomir JOVANOVIC]; Movement for Democratic Progress or LPD [Jonuz
MUSLIU]; New Serbia or NS [Velimir ILIC]; Party of Democratic Action or PVD
[Riza HALIMI]; Party of United Pensioners of Serbia or PUPS [Jovan KRKOBABIC];
People's Party or NS [Maja GOJKOVIC]; Roma Party or RP [Srdjan SAJN]; Sanzak
Democratic Party or SDP [Resad HODZIC]; Serbian Progressive Party or SNS
[Tomislav NIKOLIC]; Serbian Radical Party or SRS [Vojislav SESELJ (currently on
trial at The Hague), with Dragan TODOROVIC as acting leader]; Serbian Renewal
Movement or SPO [Vuk DRASKOVIC]; Social Democratic Party of Serbia or SDPS
[Rasim LJAJIC]; Socialist Party of Serbia or SPS [Ivica DACIC]; Union of Roma of
Serbia or URS [Rajko DJURIC]; United Serbia or JS [Dragan "Palma" MARKOVIC]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Obraz (Orthodox clero-fascist organization); 1389 (Serbian national movement)
International organization participation:
BSEC, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA,
IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU,
ITUC, MIGA, MONUC, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE,
PCA, PFP, SECI, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO,
WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Vladimir PETROVIC
chancery: 2134 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 332-0333
FAX: [1] (202) 332-3933
consulate(s) general: Chicago, New York
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Mary WARLICK
embassy: Kneza Milosa 50, 11000 Belgrade
mailing address: 5070 Belgrade Place, Washington, DC 20521-5070
telephone: [381] (11) 361-9344
FAX: [381] (11) 361-8230
Flag description:
three equal horizontal stripes of red (top), blue, and white - the Pan-Slavic
colors representing freedom and revolutionary ideals; charged with the coat of
arms of Serbia shifted slightly to the hoist side; the principal field of the
coat of arms represents the Serbian state and displays a white two-headed eagle
on a red shield; a smaller red shield on the eagle represents the Serbian
nation, and is divided into four quarters by a white cross; a white Cyrillic "C"
in each quarter stands for the phrase "Only Unity Saves the Serbs"; a royal
crown surmounts the coat of arms
Economy - Serbia
Economy - overview:
MILOSEVIC-era mismanagement of the economy, an extended period of international
economic sanctions, and the damage to Yugoslavia's infrastructure and industry
during the NATO airstrikes in 1999 left the economy only half the size it was in
1990. After the ousting of former Federal Yugoslav President MILOSEVIC in
September 2000, the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS) coalition government
implemented stabilization measures and embarked on a market reform program.
After renewing its membership in the IMF in December 2000, Yugoslavia continued
to reintegrate into the international community by rejoining the World Bank
(IBRD) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). Belgrade
has made progress in trade liberalization and enterprise restructuring and
privatization, including telecommunications and small- and medium-size firms. It
has made some progress towards EU membership, signing a Stabilization and
Association Agreement with Brussels in May 2008, and with full implementation of
the Interim Trade Agreement with the EU in February 2010. Serbia is also
pursuing membership in the World Trade Organization. Reforms needed to ensure
the country's long-term viability have largely stalled since the onset of the
global financial crisis. Serbia is grappling with fallout from crisis, which has
led to a sharp drop in exports to Western Europe and a decline in manufacturing
output. Unemployment and limited export earnings remain ongoing political and
economic problems. Serbia signed an augmented $4 billion Stand By Arrangement
with the IMF in May 2009. IMF conditions on Serbia constrain the use of stimulus
efforts to revive the economy, while Serbia's concerns about inflation and
exchange rate stability preclude the use of expansionary monetary policy.
Nevertheless, the IMF projects that Serbia's economy will grow by 1.5% in 2010
after a 3% contraction in 2009 as a recovery in Western Europe takes hold.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$78.36 billion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 77
$80.78 billion (2008 est.)
$76.57 billion (2007 est.)
note: data are in 2009 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
$42.88 billion (2009 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
-3% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 165
5.5% (2008 est.)
6.9% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$10,400 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 104
$10,900 (2008 est.)
$10,300 (2007 est.)
note: data are in 2009 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 12.7%
industry: 23.5%
services: 63.8% (2009 est.)
Labor force:
3.107 million (October 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 102
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 23.9%
industry: 20.5%
services: 55.6% (October 2009)
Unemployment rate:
16.6% (October 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 158
Population below poverty line:
7.9% (2008 est.)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
26 (2008)
country comparison to the world: 129
30 (2003)
Investment (gross fixed):
33.1% of GDP (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 15
Budget:
revenues: $9.7 billion
expenditures: $11.3 billion (2010 est.)
Public debt:
31.3% of GDP (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 83
37% of GDP (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
6.6% (2009)
country comparison to the world: 163
10.9% (2007)
Central bank discount rate:
9.5% (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 11
17.75% (31 December 2008)
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
11.78% (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 24
18.11% (31 December 2008)
Stock of money:
$3.69 billion (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 77
$3.831 billion (31 December 2008)
Stock of quasi money:
$14.11 billion (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 59
$11.95 billion (31 December 2008)
Stock of domestic credit:
$18.52 billion (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 66
$17.06 billion (31 December 2008)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$13.91 billion (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 65
$12.17 billion (31 December 2008)
$23.93 billion (31 December 2007)
Agriculture - products:
wheat, maize, sugar beets, sunflower, raspberries; beef, pork, milk
Industries:
base metals, furniture, food processing, machinery, chemicals, sugar, tires,
clothes, pharmaceuticals
Industrial production growth rate:
-10% (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 142
Electricity - production:
36 billion kWh (2009)
country comparison to the world: 60
Electricity - consumption:
33.4 billion kWh (2009)
country comparison to the world: 57
Electricity - exports:
1.5 billion kWh (2009 est.)
Electricity - imports:
121 million kWh (2009)
Oil - production:
12,170 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 81
Oil - consumption:
90,000 bbl/day NA bbl/day
country comparison to the world: 79
Oil - exports:
5,045 bbl/day (2008)
country comparison to the world: 105
Oil - imports:
72,570 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 76
Oil - proved reserves:
77.5 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 74
Natural gas - production:
230 million cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 73
Natural gas - consumption:
2.61 billion cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 76
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 128
Natural gas - imports:
2.4 billion cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45
Natural gas - proved reserves:
48.14 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 66
Current account balance:
-$1.356 billion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 139
-$1.873 billion (2008 est.)
Exports:
$8.365 billion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 87
$10.96 billion (2007 est.)
Exports - commodities:
iron and steel, clothes, wheat, fruit and vegetables, non-ferrous metals
Exports - partners:
Bosnia and Herzegovina 13.12%, Italy 10.96%, Germany 9.9%, Serbia and Montenegro
7%, Austria 5.4%, Slovenia 5.38%, Macedonia 5.26%, Russia 4.39%, Hungary 4.36%
(2009)
Imports:
$15.85 billion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 75
$22.09 billion (2007 est.)
Imports - partners:
Germany 11.79%, Italy 9.36%, Hungary 6.71%, Slovenia 6.52%, Austria 4.79% (2009)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$15.22 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 60
$11.47 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Debt - external:
$31.72 billion (30 November 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 59
$30.4 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$25.94 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 62
$11.95 billion (2006 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$NA
Exchange rates:
Serbian dinars (RSD) per US dollar - NA, 62.9 (2008), 54.5 (2007), 59.98 (2006)
Communications - Serbia
Telephones - main lines in use:
3.085 million (2008)
country comparison to the world: 50
Telephones - mobile cellular:
9.619 million (2008)
country comparison to the world: 61
Telephone system:
general assessment: replacements of, and upgrades to, telecommunications
equipment damaged during the 1999 war has resulted in a modern
telecommunications system more than 95% digitalized in 2009
domestic: wireless service, available through multiple providers with national
coverage, is growing very rapidly; best telecommunications services are centered
in urban centers; 3G mobile network launched in 2007
international: country code - 381 (2009)
Radio broadcast stations:
308 (station frequency types NA) (2009)
Television broadcast stations:
138 (2009)
Internet country code:
.rs
Internet hosts:
181,313 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 64
Internet users:
2.936 million (2008)
country comparison to the world: 59
Transportation - Serbia
Airports:
28 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 122
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 10
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2009)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 18
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 9
under 914 m: 8 (2009)
Heliports:
2 (2007)
Pipelines:
gas 1,921 km; oil 323 km (2009)
Railways:
total: 3,379 km
country comparison to the world: 52
standard gauge: 3,379 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified 1,254 km) (2006)
Roadways:
total: 36,875 km
country comparison to the world: 92
paved: 31,392 km
unpaved: 5,483 km (2006)
Waterways:
587 km (primarily on Danube and Sava rivers) (2008)
country comparison to the world: 81
Military - Serbia
Military branches:
Serbian Armed Forces (Vojska Srbije, VS): Land Forces Command (includes Riverine
Component, consisting of a river flotilla on the Danube), Air and Air Defense
Forces Command (2010)
Military service age and obligation:
19-35 years of age for male compulsory military service; under a state of war or
impending war, conscription can begin at age 16; conscription is to be abolished
in 2010; 6-month service obligation, with a reserve obligation to age 60 for men
and 50 for women (2007)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 1,405,391
females age 16-49: 1,368,207 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 43,925
female: 41,342 (2010 est.)
Transnational Issues - Serbia
Disputes - international:
Serbia with several other states protest the U.S. and other states' recognition
of Kosovo's declaring itself as a sovereign and independent state in February
2008; ethnic Serbian municipalities along Kosovo's northern border challenge
final status of Kosovo-Serbia boundary; several thousand NATO-led KFOR
peacekeepers under UNMIK authority continue to keep the peace within Kosovo
between the ethnic Albanian majority and the Serb minority in Kosovo; Serbia
delimited about half of the boundary with Bosnia and Herzegovina, but sections
along the Drina River remain in dispute
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
refugees (country of origin): 71,111 (Croatia); 27,414 (Bosnia and Herzegovina);
206,000 (Kosovo), note - mostly ethnic Serbs and Roma who fled Kosovo in 1999
(2007)
Illicit drugs:
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western Europe on the
Balkan route; economy vulnerable to money laundering
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