|
Introduction - Ukraine
Background:
Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which
during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in
Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was
incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus
laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A
new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th
century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite
pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years.
During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic
territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist
Russia in 1917, Ukraine was able to achieve a short-lived period of independence
(1917-20), but was reconquered and forced to endure a brutal Soviet rule that
engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million
died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for some 7 to 8
million more deaths. Although final independence for Ukraine was achieved in
1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive
as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at
economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties. A peaceful mass protest
"Orange Revolution" in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to
overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally
monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO.
Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor
YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in parliamentary elections and become prime
minister in August of 2006. An early legislative election, brought on by a
political crisis in the spring of 2007, saw Yuliya TYMOSHENKO, as head of an
"Orange" coalition, installed as a new prime minister in December 2007. Viktor
YANUKOVUYCH was elected president in a February 2010 run-off election that
observers assessed as meeting most international standards. The following month,
the Rada approved a vote of no-confidence prompting Yuliya TYMOSHENKO to resign
from her post as prime minister.
Geography - Ukraine
Location:
Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland, Romania, and Moldova in
the west and Russia in the east
Geographic coordinates:
49 00 N, 32 00 E
Map references:
Europe
Area:
total: 603,550 sq km
country comparison to the world: 45
land: 579,330 sq km
water: 24,220 sq km
Area - comparative:
slightly smaller than Texas
Land boundaries:
total: 4,566 km
border countries: Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km, Moldova 940 km, Poland 428 km,
Romania (south) 176 km, Romania (southwest) 362 km, Russia 1,576 km, Slovakia 90
km
Coastline:
2,782 km
Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 m or to the depth of exploitation
Climate:
Current Weather
temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast;
precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser
in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold
farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the country, hot in
the south
Terrain:
most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus, mountains
being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean Peninsula in
the extreme south
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Black Sea 0 m
highest point: Hora Hoverla 2,061 m
Natural resources:
iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite, titanium,
magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber, arable land
Land use:
arable land: 53.8%
permanent crops: 1.5%
other: 44.7% (2005)
Irrigated land:
22,080 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources:
139.5 cu km (1997)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
total: 37.53 cu km/yr (12%/35%/52%)
per capita: 807 cu m/yr (2000)
Natural hazards:
NA
Environment - current issues:
inadequate supplies of potable water; air and water pollution; deforestation;
radiation contamination in the northeast from 1986 accident at Chornobyl'
Nuclear Power Plant
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85,
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic
Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous
Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,
Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air
Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds
Geography - note:
strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second-largest
country in Europe
People - Ukraine
Population:
45,415,596 (July 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 27
Age structure:
0-14 years: 13.7% (male 3,208,105/female 3,035,745)
15-64 years: 70.7% (male 15,374,159/female 16,752,535)
65 years and over: 15.5% (male 2,329,003/female 4,716,049) (2010 est.)
Median age:
total: 39.7 years
male: 36.5 years
female: 42.9 years (2010 est.)
Population growth rate:
-0.619% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 227
Birth rate:
9.62 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 199
Death rate:
15.7 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 10
Net migration rate:
-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 96
Urbanization:
urban population: 68% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: -0.7% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.065 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.49 male(s)/female
total population: 0.85 male(s)/female (2010 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 8.73 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 161
male: 10.95 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 68.46 years
country comparison to the world: 149
male: 62.56 years
female: 74.74 years (2010 est.)
Total fertility rate:
1.27 children born/woman (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 212
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
1.6% (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 39
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
440,000 (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 21
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
19,000 (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
Nationality:
noun: Ukrainian(s)
adjective: Ukrainian
Ethnic groups:
Ukrainian 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Belarusian 0.6%, Moldovan 0.5%, Crimean Tatar
0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%, Romanian 0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 0.2%,
other 1.8% (2001 census)
Religions:
Ukrainian Orthodox - Kyiv Patriarchate 50.4%, Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow
Patriarchate 26.1%, Ukrainian Greek Catholic 8%, Ukrainian Autocephalous
Orthodox 7.2%, Roman Catholic 2.2%, Protestant 2.2%, Jewish 0.6%, other 3.2%
(2006 est.)
Languages:
Ukrainian (official) 67%, Russian 24%, other 9% (includes small Romanian-,
Polish-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities)
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.4%
male: 99.7%
female: 99.2% (2001 census)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total: 14 years
male: 14 years
female: 15 years (2006)
Education expenditures:
6.3% of GDP (2006)
country comparison to the world: 36
Government - Ukraine
Country name:
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Ukraine
local long form: none
local short form: Ukrayina
former: Ukrainian National Republic, Ukrainian State, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist
Republic
Government type:
republic
Capital:
name: Kyiv (Kiev)
note: pronounced KAY-yiv
geographic coordinates: 50 26 N, 30 31 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in
October
Administrative divisions:
24 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast'), 1 autonomous republic* (avtonomna
respublika), and 2 municipalities (mista, singular - misto) with oblast
status**; Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Chernivtsi, Crimea or Avtonomna Respublika Krym*
(Simferopol'), Dnipropetrovs'k, Donets'k, Ivano-Frankivs'k, Kharkiv, Kherson,
Khmel'nyts'kyy, Kirovohrad, Kyiv**, Kyiv, Luhans'k, L'viv, Mykolayiv, Odesa,
Poltava, Rivne, Sevastopol'**, Sumy, Ternopil', Vinnytsya, Volyn' (Luts'k),
Zakarpattya (Uzhhorod), Zaporizhzhya, Zhytomyr
note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative
centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in
parentheses)
Independence:
24 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
National holiday:
Independence Day, 24 August (1991); note - 22 January 1918, the day Ukraine
first declared its independence (from Soviet Russia) and the day the short-lived
Western and Greater (Eastern) Ukrainian republics united (1919), is now
celebrated as Unity Day
Constitution:
adopted 28 June 1996
Legal system:
based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Viktor YANUKOVYCH (since 25 February 2010)
head of government: Prime Minister Mykola AZAROV (since 11 March 2010); First
Deputy Prime Minister Andriy KLYUYEV (since 11 March 2010); Deputy Prime
Ministers Borys KOLESNIKOV, Volodymyr SIVKOVYCH, Viktor SLAUTA, Serhiy TIHIPKO,
Viktor TYKHONOV (all since 11 March 2010)
cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers selected by the prime minister; the only
exceptions are the foreign and defense ministers, who are chosen by the
president
(For more information visit the World Leaders website )
note: there is also a National Security and Defense Council or NSDC originally
created in 1992 as the National Security Council; the NSDC staff is tasked with
developing national security policy on domestic and international matters and
advising the president; a Presidential Administration helps draft presidential
edicts and provides policy support to the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for
a second term); election last held on 17 January 2010 with runoff on 7 February
2010 (next to be held in 2015); under constitutional reforms that went into
effect 1 January 2006, the majority in parliament takes the lead in naming the
prime minister
election results: Viktor YANUKOVYCH elected president; percent of vote - Viktor
YANUKOVYCH 48.95%, Yuliya TYMOSHENKO 45.5%
Legislative branch:
unicameral Supreme Council or Verkhovna Rada (450 seats; members allocated on a
proportional basis to those parties that gain 3% or more of the national
electoral vote; members to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held on 30 September 2007 (next must be held in 2012 or sooner
if a ruling coalition cannot be formed in the Rada)
election results: percent of vote by party/bloc - Party of Regions 34.4%, Block
of Yuliya Tymoshenko 30.7%, Our Ukraine-People's Self Defense 14.2%, CPU 5.4%,
Lytvyn Bloc 4%, other parties 11.3%; seats by party/bloc - Party of Regions 175,
Block of Yuliya Tymoshenko 156, Our Ukraine-People's Self Defense 72, CPU 27,
Lytvyn Bloc 20
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court
Political parties and leaders:
Block of Yuliya Tymoshenko (BYuT) [Yuliya TYMOSHENKO]; Communist Party of
Ukraine or CPU [Petro SYMONENKO]; European Party of Ukraine [Mykola
KATERYNCHUK]; Fatherland Party (Batkivshchyna) [Yuliya TYMOSHENKO]; Forward
Ukraine! [Viktor MUSIYAKA]; Front of Change [Arseniy YATSENYUK]; Labor Party of
Ukraine [Serhiy TIHIPKO]; Lytvyn Bloc (composed of People's Party and Labor
Party of Ukraine) [Volodymyr LYTVYN]; Our Ukraine [Viktor YUSHCHENKO]; Party of
Industrialists and Entrepreneurs [Anatoliy KINAKH]; Party of the Defenders of
the Fatherland [Yuriy KARMAZIN]; People's Movement of Ukraine (Rukh) [Borys
TARASYUK]; People's Party [Volodymyr LYTVYN]; Peoples' Self-Defense [Yuriy
LUTSENKO]; PORA! (It's Time!) party [Vladyslav KASKIV]; Progressive Socialist
Party [Natalya VITRENKO]; Reforms and Order Party [Viktor PYNZENYK]; Party of
Regions [Viktor YANUKOVYCH]; Sobor [Anatoliy MATVIYENKO]; Social Democratic
Party [Yevhen KORNICHUK]; Social Democratic Party (United) or SDPU(o) [Yuriy
ZAHORODNIY]; Socialist Party of Ukraine or SPU [Oleksandr MOROZ]; Ukrainian
People's Party [Yuriy KOSTENKO]; United Center [Ihor KRILL]; Viche [Inna
BOHOSLOVSKA]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Committee of Voters of Ukraine [Aleksandr CHERNENKO]
International organization participation:
Australia Group, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CE, CEI, CICA (observer), CIS
(participating member, has not signed the 1993 CIS charter although it
participates in meetings), EAEC (observer), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO,
IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUC, NAM
(observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SECI
(observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO,
WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Oleksandr MOTSYK
chancery: 3350 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 333-0606
FAX: [1] (202) 333-0817
consulate(s) general: Chicago, New York, San Francisco
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador John F. TEFFT
embassy: 10 Yurii Kotsiubynsky Street, 01901 Kyiv
mailing address: 5850 Kyiv Place, Washington, DC 20521-5850
telephone: [380] (44) 490-4000
FAX: [380] (44) 490-4085
Flag description:
two equal horizontal bands of azure (top) and golden yellow represent grain
fields under a blue sky
Economy - Ukraine
Economy - overview:
After Russia, the Ukrainian republic was far and away the most important
economic component of the former Soviet Union, producing about four times the
output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil generated more than
one-fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial
quantities of meat, milk, grain, and vegetables to other republics. Likewise,
its diversified heavy industry supplied the unique equipment (for example, large
diameter pipes) and raw materials to industrial and mining sites (vertical
drilling apparatus) in other regions of the former USSR. Shortly after
independence in August 1991, the Ukrainian Government liberalized most prices
and erected a legal framework for privatization, but widespread resistance to
reform within the government and the legislature soon stalled reform efforts and
led to some backtracking. Output by 1999 had fallen to less than 40% of the 1991
level. Ukraine's dependence on Russia for energy supplies and the lack of
significant structural reform have made the Ukrainian economy vulnerable to
external shocks. Ukraine depends on imports to meet about three-fourths of its
annual oil and natural gas requirements and 100% of its nuclear fuel needs.
After a two-week dispute that saw gas supplies cutoff to Europe, Ukraine agreed
to ten-year gas supply and transit contracts with Russia in January 2009 that
brought gas prices to "world" levels. The strict terms of the contracts have
further hobbled Ukraine's cash-strapped state gas company, Naftohaz. Outside
institutions - particularly the IMF - have encouraged Ukraine to quicken the
pace and scope of reforms. Ukrainian Government officials eliminated most tax
and customs privileges in a March 2005 budget law, bringing more economic
activity out of Ukraine's large shadow economy, but more improvements are
needed, including fighting corruption, developing capital markets, and improving
the legislative framework. Ukraine's economy was buoyant despite political
turmoil between the prime minister and president until mid-2008. Real GDP growth
exceeded 7% in 2006-07, fueled by high global prices for steel - Ukraine's top
export - and by strong domestic consumption, spurred by rising pensions and
wages. The drop in steel prices and Ukraine's exposure to the global financial
crisis due to aggressive foreign borrowing lowered growth in 2008 and the
economy contracted more than 14% in 2009, among the worst economic performances
in the world. Ukraine reached an agreement with the IMF for a $16.4 billion
Stand-By Arrangement in November 2008 to deal with the economic crisis, but the
Ukrainian Government's lack of progress in implementing reforms has twice
delayed the release of IMF assistance funds. Political turmoil in Ukraine as
well as deteriorating external conditions are likely to hamper efforts for
economic recovery.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$294.3 billion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 40
$342.6 billion (2008 est.)
$335.5 billion (2007 est.)
note: data are in 2009 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
$117.1 billion (2009 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
-14.1% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 210
2.1% (2008 est.)
7.9% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$6,400 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 130
$7,400 (2008 est.)
$7,200 (2007 est.)
note: data are in 2009 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 9.8%
industry: 30.7%
services: 59.5% (2009 est.)
Labor force:
22.15 million (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 28
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 15.8%
industry: 18.5%
services: 65.7% (2008)
Unemployment rate:
8.8% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 103
6.4% (2007 est.)
note: officially registered; large number of unregistered or underemployed
workers
Population below poverty line:
35% (2009)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 3.4%
highest 10%: 25.7% (2006)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
31 (2006)
country comparison to the world: 105
29 (1999)
Investment (gross fixed):
18% of GDP (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 114
Budget:
revenues: $34.15 billion
expenditures: $41.75 billion
note: this is the planned, consolidated budget (2009 est.)
Public debt:
30% of GDP (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 85
20.1% of GDP (2008 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
12.3% (2009)
country comparison to the world: 205
22.3% (2008)
Central bank discount rate:
10.25% (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 28
12% (31 December 2008)
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
19.6% (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 29
17.49% (31 December 2008)
Stock of money:
$24.7 billion (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 41
$29.24 billion (31 December 2008)
Stock of quasi money:
$41.5 billion (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 41
$45.3 billion (31 December 2008)
Stock of domestic credit:
$90.6 billion (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 40
$101.1 billion (31 December 2008)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$16.86 billion (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 57
$24.36 billion (31 December 2008)
$111.8 billion (31 December 2007)
Agriculture - products:
grain, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, vegetables; beef, milk
Industries:
coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery and transport
equipment, chemicals, food processing
Industrial production growth rate:
-24.5% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 165
Electricity - production:
172.9 billion kWh (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 22
Electricity - consumption:
134.6 billion kWh (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 22
Electricity - exports:
4 billion kWh (2009 est.)
Electricity - imports:
0 kWh (2009 est.)
Oil - production:
99,930 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 52
Oil - consumption:
348,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 37
Oil - exports:
154,400 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
Oil - imports:
147,600 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 56
Oil - proved reserves:
395 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 52
Natural gas - production:
21.2 billion cu m (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 31
Natural gas - consumption:
52 billion cu m (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 15
Natural gas - exports:
5 billion cu m (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 27
Natural gas - imports:
26.83 billion cu m (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 11
Natural gas - proved reserves:
1.104 trillion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 24
Current account balance:
-$1.801 billion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 147
-$12.76 billion (2008)
Exports:
$40.39 billion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 54
$67.72 billion (2008 est.)
Exports - commodities:
ferrous and nonferrous metals, fuel and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery
and transport equipment, food products
Exports - partners:
Russia 21.4%, Turkey 5.36%, China 3.61% (2009)
Imports:
$45.05 billion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 49
$83.81 billion (2008 est.)
Imports - commodities:
energy, machinery and equipment, chemicals
Imports - partners:
Russia 29.13%, Germany 8.48%, China 6.02%, Poland 4.78%, Kazakhstan 4.48% (2009)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$26.51 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 47
$31.54 billion (31 December 2008)
Debt - external:
$104 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
$101.7 billion (31 December 2008)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$46.81 billion (30 October 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 53
$41.99 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$2.192 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 64
$1.905 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Exchange rates:
hryvnia (UAH) per US dollar - 7.7856 (2009), 4.9523 (2008), 5.05 (2007), 5.05
(2006), 5.1247 (2005)
Communications - Ukraine
Telephones - main lines in use:
13.177 million (2008)
country comparison to the world: 20
Telephones - mobile cellular:
55.695 million (2008)
country comparison to the world: 19
Telephone system:
general assessment: Ukraine's telecommunication development plan emphasizes
improving domestic trunk lines, international connections, and the
mobile-cellular system
domestic: at independence in December 1991, Ukraine inherited a telephone system
that was antiquated, inefficient, and in disrepair; more than 3.5 million
applications for telephones could not be satisfied; telephone density is rising
and the domestic trunk system is being improved; about one-third of Ukraine's
networks are digital and a majority of regional centers now have digital
switching stations; improvements in local networks and local exchanges continue
to lag; the mobile-cellular telephone system's expansion has slowed, largely due
to saturation of the market which had reached 120 mobile phones per 100 people
by 2008
international: country code - 380; 2 new domestic trunk lines are a part of the
fiber-optic Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) system and 3 Ukrainian links have been
installed in the fiber-optic Trans-European Lines (TEL) project that connects 18
countries; additional international service is provided by the
Italy-Turkey-Ukraine-Russia (ITUR) fiber-optic submarine cable and by an unknown
number of earth stations in the Intelsat, Inmarsat, and Intersputnik satellite
systems
Radio broadcast stations:
524 (station frequency types NA) (2006)
Television broadcast stations:
647 (2006)
Internet country code:
.ua
Internet hosts:
706,485 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 46
Internet users:
10.354 million (2008)
country comparison to the world: 30
Transportation - Ukraine
Airports:
425 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 18
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 189
over 3,047 m: 12
2,438 to 3,047 m: 51
1,524 to 2,437 m: 24
914 to 1,523 m: 6
under 914 m: 96 (2009)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 236
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 7
914 to 1,523 m: 12
under 914 m: 214 (2009)
Heliports:
7 (2009)
Pipelines:
gas 33,327 km; oil 4,514 km; refined products 4,211 km (2009)
Railways:
total: 21,655 km
country comparison to the world: 13
broad gauge: 21,655 km 1.524-m gauge (9,729 km electrified) (2008)
Roadways:
total: 169,422 km
country comparison to the world: 30
paved: 165,611 km (includes 15 km of expressways)
unpaved: 3,811 km (2007)
Waterways:
2,176 km (most on Dnieper River) (2007)
country comparison to the world: 42
Merchant marine:
total: 189
country comparison to the world: 36
by type: bulk carrier 6, cargo 141, chemical tanker 1, container 3, passenger 6,
passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 9, refrigerated cargo 11, roll on/roll off
7, specialized tanker 2
foreign-owned: 2 (Luxembourg 1, Russia 1)
registered in other countries: 204 (Belize 7, Cambodia 34, Comoros 8, Cyprus 4,
Dominica 4, Georgia 18, Liberia 25, Lithuania 1, Malta 30, Moldova 5, Mongolia
1, Panama 10, Russia 11, Saint Kitts and Nevis 9, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines 11, Sierra Leone 10, Slovakia 12, Tuvalu 1, unknown 3) (2008)
Ports and terminals:
Feodosiya, Kerch, Kherson, Mariupol', Mykolayiv, Odesa, Yuzhnyy
Military - Ukraine
Military branches:
Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces (Viyskovo-Povitryani
Syly, VPS) (2010)
Military service age and obligation:
18-25 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript
service obligation - 18 months for Army and Air Force, 24 months for Navy (2004)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 16-49: 11,149,646
females age 16-49: 11,437,891 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 6,970,035
females age 16-49: 9,015,224 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 256,196
female: 244,473 (2010 est.)
Military expenditures:
1.4% of GDP (2005 est.)
country comparison to the world: 109
Transnational Issues - Ukraine
Disputes - international:
1997 boundary delimitation treaty with Belarus remains un-ratified due to
unresolved financial claims, stalling demarcation and reducing border security;
delimitation of land boundary with Russia is complete with preparations for
demarcation underway; the dispute over the boundary between Russia and Ukraine
through the Kerch Strait and Sea of Azov remains unresolved despite a December
2003 framework agreement and ongoing expert-level discussions; Moldova and
Ukraine operate joint customs posts to monitor transit of people and commodities
through Moldova's break-away Transnistria Region, which remains under OSCE
supervision; the ICJ gave Ukraine until December 2006 to reply, and Romania
until June 2007 to rejoin, in their dispute submitted in 2004 over
Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Serpilor (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime
boundary; Romania opposes Ukraine's reopening of a navigation canal from the
Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea
Illicit drugs:
limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption;
some synthetic drug production for export to the West; limited government
eradication program; used as transshipment point for opiates and other illicit
drugs from Africa, Latin America, and Turkey to Europe and Russia; Ukraine has
improved anti-money-laundering controls, resulting in its removal from the
Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's) Noncooperative Countries and Territories
List in February 2004; Ukraine's anti-money-laundering regime continues to be
monitored by FATF
|
